In this Article and Article ' ', I explained the first method of grounding design calculations: Equations Method and solved examples. And I explained the second method of grounding design calculations: Nomographs Method in Article ' '. Also, I explained the third method of grounding design calculations: Excel Spreadsheets Method in Article ' '. And I explained the forth method of grounding design calculations: By using Tables In Articles ' ' and ' '. Also, I explained the fifth method of grounding design calculations: By using Online Earthing Calculators in Articles ' ' and ' '. Today, I will explain the Sixth Method of Grounding Design Calculations: Software Programs Method. You can preview the following Articles for more info.

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• The formulas used in this program are based on accepted formulas which are the basis of IEEE publications • The formulas used for calculating resistance to Earth are based on modified formulas from Dwight for horizontal electrodes and from Sunde for vertical electrodes. • The modified formula assumes the top of the vertical electrode is near the surface. • When more than one vertical electrode are calculated, the calculations assume equally spaced ground rods in a straight line and that the spacing between the ground rods is equal to or greater than the length of the vertical Earth electrode. Wurth wow 4153 rus torent. • The formula for calculating the resistance to Earth for the horizontal Earth electrode assumes the electrode is in a straight line. • Both of the horizontal and vertical resistance to Earth formulas are for DC or low frequency. Both sets of equations use, as an input, the diameter of the cable as well as that of the surrounding GEM material to calculate the resistance to Earth. • The modified formulas assume uniform soil resistivity.

• The contact resistance between the conductor and the surrounding GEM material is ignored in calculating resistance to Earth. 1- Resistivity (ohm-m) of soil based on soil type: copied from table 10 of IEEE std 142 -1991, Resistivity (ohm-m) of soil based on soil type 2- Effect of Moisture Content on Resistivity: copied from table 11 of IEEE std 142 -1991, Effect of Moisture Content on Resistivity 3- Effect of temperature on Resistivity: copied from table 12 of IEEE std 142 -1991, Effect of temperature on Resistivity 4- Cable Diameter Equivalents: give the equivalent diameter in inches and cm for a given cable cross section area in Kcmil, AWG and mm2. Cable Diameter Equivalents • For recalculating with new variables, press Clear Button then enter the new variables.